Chlordecone is a toxic organochlorine insecticide that was used in banana plantations until 1993 in the French West Indies. This study aimed at assessing the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determining chlordecone content in Andosols, Nitisols and Ferralsols from Martinique. Using partial least square regression, chlordecone content conventionally determined through gas chromatography- mass spectrometry could be correctly predicted by NIRS (Q2 ¼ 0.75, R2 ¼ 0.82 for the total set), especially for samples with chlordecone content <12 mg kg_1 or when the sample set was rather homogeneous (Q2 ¼ 0.91, R2 ¼ 0.82 for the Andosols). Conventional measures and NIRS predictions were poorly correlated for chlordecone content >12 mg kg_1, nevertheless ca. 80% samples were correctly predicted when the set was divided into three or four classes of chlordecone content. Thus NIRS could be considered a time- and cost-effective method for characterising soil contamination by chlordecone.