Vector-borne diseases (e.g., bluetongue or Rift Valley fever) are very sensitive to environmental changes. As such, they are excellent models to study disease emergence in a changing world, with more intense commercial exchanges, climate changes, and social and economic alterations. To address this question, a research framework was developed by the EDEN project on vector-borne, emerging diseases in a changing European environment. Because southern countries are poorly prepared to deal with emerging, infectious diseases, such an integrative, multidisciplinary approach would be helpful to federate available means and skills. Expected outcome would be the definition of priority diseases and ecosystems at highest risks, as well as the scientific bases to improve disease monitoring and early-warning systems.