In developing countries, like in Madagascar and Senegal facing high rates of urbanisation, urban agriculture is progressively taken into account in urban planning. To produce knowledge on this largely unknown activity and to help to design its place in urban landscape, two researches have been done with numerous surveys of farmers and of other stakeholders. We analysed the urban agriculture functions and its internal and external sustainability. With these tools and in straight relationships with urban planners and decision?makers, it was possible to discuss the types of production systems and zones where agriculture should be preserved to contribute to sustainable urban landscape.