Climate Change is a raising issue for the planet. Although agriculture is called to play a role in CC, the integration of CC in agriculture policy agenda is still limited and difficult. The Costa Rica exhibit an interesting paradox. Whereas Costa Rica is a leading and pioneer country regarding conservation and CC mitigation involvement, its agricultural agenda is still poorly integrating these issues. Combining new institutional and policy analytical frameworks, this paper intends to identify explicative factors of this paradox. Based on literature review and direct interview of actors involved in policy process, we analyze the evolution of agricultural and environmental policy agendas and institutions, the panorama of existing representative organizations of agricultural sector, and the recent initiatives that integrate environment and CC issues in agriculture. We show that Costa Rican paradox derived from the conjunction of 4 explicative factors: 1) the institutional reforms of public administration in the early 90s, 2) the diversity and conflictive interests among representative actors of the agricultural sector, 3) the limited integration of environmental issue in the mental model of the leading representatives actors of the agricultural sector, and 4) the asymmetric balance of power between organization. We finally conclude on some practical recommendations to promote the integration of CC in agricultural sectors and the emergence of sounded agroenvironmental agenda.