Country mainly sahelian, Burkina Faso presents in its Southern and South-western part a soudanien type vegetation characterized by clear forests and riverside forests. In this area, one meets the ectomycorrhizal trees such as: Afzelia africana, Berlinia grandiflora, Isoberlinia doka, I dalziellii, Monotes kerstingii, Uapaca guineensis and U somon. During the rainy season of 2005 and 2006, ectomycorrhizal fungi were inventoried and collected in the forest formations under these species. More than 100 specimens were collected and morphologically described. The large sub-unit of mitochondria) DNA of 85 fungi was then amplified and sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis allowed to confirm the taxonomic membership of the morphological species and to reveal 4 principal taxonomic groups: Amanitas, Boletus, Cantharelles and Russules. Among these groups, dominate Russules (28 Russula and 9 Lactarius) and Boletus (34 species), follow then the Amanitas (11 species) and Cantharelles (3 species). The majority of the species seem different from those of the tropical dense forest of Guinea. The ectomycorrhizal fungi community of the dry tropical zone thus appears specific compared to the wetland. The use of more specific markers will allow identifying and comparing the diversity of the species present in these zones.