Excessive industrial exploitation, clearing for industrial purposes and collection of firewood, has led to a dramatic deforestation during recent decades in Mediterranean and tropical areas (Piéri 1991). One of the critical issues of deforestation is the acceleration of soil degradation and desertification processes that involved a loss or reduction of major physicochemical and biological soil properties (Requena et al. 2001). This lack or scarcity of plant cover largely contributed to soil erosion increase and consequently, to the decrease of soil fertility and soil microbial activities (Garcia et al. 1997). Numerous studies have reported that in such conditions, indigenous inoculum levels of mycorrhizal fungi were significantly reduced (Duponnois et al. 2001; Azcon-Aguilar et al. 2003).