Most of the cotton bales produced in the world are sold according to the analysis of their technological characteristics using standardized instrument for testing cotton (SITC). In the United States of America, periodical studies of the results variability allow to accompany the results with commercial tolerances in order to limit the frequency of claims. In Africa, no such study was conducted to our knowledge. Therefore, we studied the within-bale variability of fiber length and of its uniformity, of fiber strength, of micronaire, of reflectance and of yellowness. We took 8 samples per bale within over 400 cotton bales produced in 13 African countries during two crop seasons. Our representative sample is then composed of over 3200 fiber samples which were analyzed in controlled conditions by SITC in a laboratory fully respecting the international recommendations. We then achieved an estimation of the within-bale variability of cotton fiber technological characteristics in most of the African cotton producing countries.