The displacement of rural people, whether for conservation or for development, demonstrates how policy processes and decision-makers operating beyond the boundaries of a landscape can dramatically affect the lives of its residents. Displacement occurs not only when people are forced to move but also when people are excluded from their previous economic activities (Brockington and Igoe, 2006), such as farming. Displacement can also be a side effect of landscape management, when new protected areas are established or old ones extended. In addition, interventions justified by development goals, such as improved access to infrastructure, condition the operations and choices available to those seeking to improve natural resource management at landscape level. Displacement is essentially a disproportionate exercise of power that overrides local systems, tenure and aspirations in favour of the objectives of those at higher levels of government and sometimes beyond, as in the case of biodiversity conservation projects. Although displacement brings villagers and implementing agencies into contact, there is often little scope for the overarching goals to be modified. The best possible outcome is likely to be a process of negotiation. Information on the potential livelihood and environmental effects, which guides the selection of areas for displacement and the implementation process, should be comprehensive but often is not. Furthermore, ongoing monitoring, assessment and adaptive mechanisms are required to ensure that any negative impacts can be addressed (see Lasgorceix and Kothari, 2009). In the absence of adaptive management, how can the livelihood needs and concerns of the displaced people be met? In this chapter, we present two case studies of displacement, in Laos and Tanzania. The first case explores a village relocation process in Phadeng, in Viengkham District, Luang Prabang Province, Laos. The village was relocated under the dual rhetoric of improving both conservat