The nuclear genome of several plants isinvaded by numerous viral sequences. These integrations correspond to accidental events mainly resulting from illegitimate recombination of DNA viruses belonging to the family Caulimoviridae with plant DNA whereas integration into the host genome is not required for viral replication. These integrations are for the most part defective as a result of pseudogenisation driven by the host genome evolution. Conversely some, named infectious, could release a functional viral genome following activating stresses. Our aim is to study the evolving integration context of such infectious integrants for Banana streak virus among the diversity of the banana B genome in order to retrace the evolutionary BSV story and understand their impact on host and virus evolution in terms of cost/benefit. To answer this question, we propose to characterize the infectious integrants (eBSV) among a representative sampling of Musa balbisiana diversity and to hypothesize a contribution of eBSV towards plant virus resistance through an RNA interfering mechanism versus virus maintain through interspecific crosses. (Texte intégral)