Antibiotic residues in meat and other foods are suspected to be responsible for drug allergy and for evolution of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In Madagascar, bacterial resistances against several antibiotics have been regularly observed in pathogens isolated from human and pigs. Suspicions of drugs misuse in farms are frequently recorded by animal health professionals but no guidelines are available about the good use of antibiotics in livestock. Since poor information is available in Madagascar about antimicrobial residues in animal products, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of pork meat contaminated by antimicrobial residues in Madagascar. Laboratory analysis for antimicrobial detection in meat was performed with the commercial PremiR-test kit (DSM) with a total number of 967 pork meat samples collected in Madagascar slaughterhouses. 37.2% of the samples were tested positive to antimicrobial residues. A significant difference between 2010 and 2011 results was observed, with 32% and 39% respectively. No significant differences were demonstrated between samples according sex, breed or age classes for individual animals. No differences between origins of pig farm were demonstrated. Pork meat samples originated from the same production area are less contaminated by drug residues when animals are slaughtered in urban abattoirs vs in provincial abattoirs. Through this first step toward a national surveillance system, we confirmed that drug residues in animal products are a serious public health concern for Madagascar.