Reconstructing invasion routes is a key step towards understanding the ecological and evolutionary fa ctors underlying the worldwide invasion success of Mycosphaerella fijiensis, responsible of Black leaf streak disease of bananas. G enetic studies based on molecular analyses with neutral markers (microsatellites and sequence-based markers) were set up on a worldwide collection constituted by 735 individuals from 37 countries and on a Caribbean collection of 1800 individuals from 30 countries. Anal yses designated South-East Asia as the source of the global invasion and supported the location of the center of origin of M. fijiensis. It suggested human-mediated introductions into continents with a successful single introduction in Africa and multiple introductions followed by admixture in Latin- America. In the Caribbean, 2 invasion pathways was first suggested.