Plant-derived pesticides are part of the toolbox of IPM and organic agriculture, as substitutes to synthetic chemical pesticides. On the other hand, for the very same reason (substitution rather than re -design), they are less in line with the agroecological approach.We however provide examples of the potential role of such plantderived pesticides (with emphasis on extracts of neem and Jatropha), in a strategy of pest management via agroecological pathways.These encompass seed -dressing for black-beetle management on upland rice in Madagascar, and sprays for manageme nt of sorghum stem-borers in Cameroon, of sorghum panicle-feeding bugs in Mali and of cowpea pestsin Niger.The way the plant -derived pesticide-based tactics can be synergistic rather than conflicting with the agroecological pest management strategy is disc ussed mainly along two lines: i) Potential integration of botanical pesticide -producing plants in the cropping system (e.g. Jatropha live - hedges around vegetable market -gardens inthe Sahel)- ii) Pro's and con's of the use of such repellent, deterrent, and/or biocidal extracts in an "assisted" push-pull strategy.