Climate change is a global process, of recent origin in its current form, and largely manmade. In the near future, the dynamic of which it is a part, is set to cause long?lasting changes in global agriculture. At the same time, agriculture is recognized to be one of the main manmade causes of the process. The expected exhaustion of fossil fuel resources, population growth, and the rapid development of emerging countries in which demand for energy and for improved food is high (China, Brazil, India, etc) have triggered behaviour that has only made matters worse. The emergence of bioenergies as a major new agricultural outlet and the land grabbing phenomenon are both signs of and exacerbating factors in the shortages affecting food security and the environment; affecting the very stability of societies and the major global equilibria. Climate change calls for unprecedented efforts on the part of the international scientific community. Inside the global stakes, the main challenge is ensuring the food security of the world's poorest people. However, it is important not to restrict the debate to the issues traditionally addressed by research for development, or to be content with merely proposing more efficient production technologies, such as those of the green revolution, or the doubly green one, in order to ensure ecological intensification. Classical technology transfers and economic support from "North" to "South" will be not only inadequate, but largely irrelevant. In effect, the expected changes will be truly global, radical and structural, and will force a fundamental rethinking of the paradigms that guide research for development. The current challenge in livestock systems is to increase productions while drastically changing the ways actual systems impair global and local future development. This new paradigm result of some strategy errors of animal production sub?sectors related to the globalization of economy, the increasing demand in animal products, the new