The implementation of surveillance programs has to face many obstacles regarding low participation of the livestock breeders' communities and the stakes associated with livestock's health. In Thailand, fighting cocks were perceived as "high risk" for disease spreading and have specifically been targeted by HPAI H5N1 surveillance and control measures. However, the implementation of HPAI surveillance programs in the cockfighting community encountered many difficulties, due to specific socioeconomic and cultural issues which diverged from other poultry productions. We provide in this communication a deeper understanding of these issues and stakes, and highlight the gaps between logics and rationales underlying surveillance and those associated with cockfighting activitities.