Corsica is a French island located in the western part of the Mediterranean Sea. Traditional husbandry practices (e.g. free-ranging grazing), widespread wildlife populations, biophysical conditions ("Hot-summer Mediterranean" climate, mountainous ecosystems) and trade activities make this island vulnerable to the risk of emerging diseases. Corsica Island could therefore be used as sentinel area for surveillance of exotic diseases in South-western Europe. Its endemism, endogenous domestic and wild species, should be strongly protected from exotic diseases.