Policies are key factors for sustainable provision of Ecosystem Services (ES) and Biodiversity conservation. Market Based Instrument (MBI), such as Payment for Environmental Services (PES) or ecolabelling, has been promoted to foster ES provision and many authors discussed the specific impact of the different instruments. However, MBI develop in a context where Non Market Based Instrument (NMBI), such as National Parks and land use regulation, exists but analysis of trade off and synergy among MBI and between MBI and NMBI instruments are poorly developed in the literature. Considering different MBI and NMBI as part of a policy mix for ES conservation and biodiversity conservation, we assess interactions between MBI and NMBI in rural territories in the case of Costa Rica. We first analyze the governance of the different instruments of Costa Rican policy mix for ES provision and biodiversity conservation, with a focus on decision making and implementing rules. We especially consider: the national program of payment for environmental services managed by the Fonafifo, the environmental benefit compensation program of the ministry of agriculture, the environmental friendly certification program of agricultural and timber products such as organic agriculture program or rainforest alliance label, the conservation areas and biologic corridor program as well as the national legislation on forest, agriculture and land use. Then, based on evidence the analysis of implementation of these instruments, we identify and assess the synergy between instruments. We finally discuss the economical and institutional factors that limits to possible synergy between instruments and their capacity to effectively affect land user decision. (Texte intégral)