Southern Tunisia is highly dependent on the agricultural sector and especially on pastoral breeding for livelihood. The Tunisian government has until now given little attention to the sector, especially to camel breeding. A better understanding of the socio-economic dynamics in the study area is needed in order to develop camel breeding. This work shows the importance of camel breeding as a source of income (on average 79% of the household income) and employment (on average 43% of family labour) for the people in southeast Tunisia, and the impact of drought on related activities (feeding and shepherding). Despite the resilience of these farmers to adverse weather conditions, this study also shows the breeders¿ concerns and willingness to develop camel breeding.