The design of most Payment for Environmental Services (PES) is relying on a conservationist view of this instrument, where the forest perceived as a continuous land use is expected to be preserved from any other land use. This vision fits well a situation of forests frontiers or natural protected areas, where a land-sparing strategy is in place. However, in cases the forest is fully integrated to agricultural production (slash and burn systems), it is interesting to see the impact of PES in a de facto land sharing context. While recent research associates Payment for Environmental Services (PES) to land sparing practices (Eloy and al., 2012) broader evidence need to be supported by international research and further debates developed. In Mexico, the PSA-Hydrologic is nationally implemented since 2003 (Munoz-Piña and al., 2008) in several forest ecosystems (cloud, continental, tropical forests). The Sierra Madre of Chiapas and the Cono Sur region of the Yucatan state offer two contrasting cases where PES is implemented in a well-defined forest zoning in the first case and a mosaic land use in the second. Using satellite images and ejidal surveys data collected in 2012, this paper proposes to discuss the impact of PES on land management in these two sites. While the impact of PES on land heterogeneity links to important discussion on the trade-off of provisioning and regulating services, this paper consider as well the trade-offs of regulating services provided by the forest in these two contexts. In natural protected area, PES seems associated to more carbon, biodiversity and water services provided by the forest, while these services might not all be promoted in a complementary way by PES once implemented in forests managed though rotation cycles. (Texte integral)