The Niger Office (NO) was created in 1932 and is one of the major irrigated areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Its irrigated lands are primarily intended for rice growing since cotton cultivation was abandoned in 1971.With the generalization of intensive rice growing and expansion of the irrigated areas, paddy production doubled between 1999 and 2012 (650,000 tonnes), which greatly increased rice processing requirements.This article analyses the development of rice processing units, then identifies prospects and opportunities for the stakeholders in this important sector for food security in the country. Theinstitutional reforms at the beginning of the 1990s and the increase in volumes to be processed encouraged the transfer of rice processing to new players (farmers, farmer organizations, private operators)using hullers. Thisresulted in lower processing costs, to the detriment of marketedrice quality, as the hullers only gave ungraded rice, whereas the industrial rice mills offered several qualities of milled rice. But those hullers could not meet the growing demand for quality rice from urban consumers in the country and in the sub-region. Consequently, some private operators and farmer organizations opted to procure more efficient rice processing equipment: mini rice mills carrying out cleaning, hulling, whitening, sorting and bagging operations, etc. However, their prices are 10 to 15 times higher than those of hullers. In addition, technical, organizational, commercial and financial constraintslimit the possibilities for processors to capture the national and sub regional quality rice market. Lastly, improving the quality of local rice calls for combined harvesting, threshing, storage and processing initiatives, with consequential support from research, training and advisory bodies.