This presentation aims at presenting the main out comes from the 3rd Global Science Conference on Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) in Montpellier, France, 16-18 March 2015 where more than 600 researchers and 150 stakeholders and policy makers from 75 countries and 5 continents convened. CSA is a framework that mobilizes synergies and can lead to innovative and comprehensive solutions at local, regional and global levels. Delegates also confirmed that CSA solutions exist and can be brought into reality provided favorable conditions. Agriculture was acknowledged as a sector particularly vulnerable to climate change, which impacts the livelihoods of the world's poorest people. This places increased strain on global food systems, especially since expectations for meeting demand for food will change tremendously within the next 40 years. Agriculture has also a central role in strongly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and lies therefore at the heart of complex challenges to be addressed. CSA invites researchers, practitioners and policy makers to explore solutions combining three pillars, food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation, underpinning sustainable landscapes and food systems. This is essential since the sector is facing unprecedented uncertainty and risks: synergies have to be looked at and trade-offs addressed. Recognizing that agriculture is a pivotal sector for international negotiations on sustainable development and climate change, CSA therefore provides a framework for looking at necessary transitions. The main recommendations were as follows: (i) agriculture in the future must also address the challenges of sustainable food systems and landscapes; (ii): based upon a renewed research agenda that addresses a more complex set of objectives, researchers and practitioners must engage to build evidence and design the trajectories for multiple transformative transitions of climate-smart agriculture; (iii) the future relies upon policy, institutional