Pollinating insects on oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., directly influence the fruit set rate, hence the production of well-formed fruits in bunches. Four small Curculionidae of the genus Elaeidobius are the main pollinators in Cameroon. They feed off pollen and complete their entire cycle on male inflorescences, depositing pollen when they visit female inflorescences. We assessed insect frequencies at different stages of anthesis, depending on climatic conditions over 6 weeks, using sticky traps installed near 9 male and 12 female inflorescences. Observations were carried out in March- April 2009 in a 118- ha plot of 6-year-old hybrid oil palms near Kribi in Cameroon. Elaeidobius specimens were also taken from male inflorescences in anthesis. Specimens of each species and both sexes were prepared and photographed; the male genitalia were dissected. Captures revealed four species: E. kamerunicus, E. subvittatus, E. plagiatus and E. singularis. A photo-plate and simple identification key are given to distinguish between the main three species which have similar external traits. Elaedobius subvittatus was the most abundant in sunny conditions, averaging around a hundred individuals per trap, as opposed to 30 individuals for E. kamerunicus and E. plagiatus. In heavy rainfall, insect activity decreased around male inflorescences (27 E. subvittatus, 37 E. kamerunicus and 8 E. plagiatus on average), with even fewer around female inflorescences (1.5 E. subvittatus, 0.7 E. kamerunicus and 0 E. plagiatus on average). The male inflorescence stage, time of day and weather conditions had a significant effect (P<0.001) on the distribution of the 3 species. The results did not include E. singularis which was too scarce in the field. Species-stage interaction was significant (P<0.01). E. subvittatus was more abundant on the second and third days of anthesis, while E. kamerunicus and E. plagiatus were abundant on the first and second days of anthesis. Daytime screening every 1½ h