The IA study at farm level shows the overall positive effects of trainings, feed unit combined with good AI services on the economic performances of milk activity. However, these effects are related to each DEEP-MCC according to their management, the way to implement the trainings and to facilitate the access to services. Moreover, these positive effects are limited to the direct beneficiaries of the DEEP project. 2. Increased milk productivity and unit margin have the higher impact on the family net income for smallscale mixed crop-livestock systems in the old lands that have the most constraining factors regarding land access and education. We have estimated an average increase of the net income per capita of about 836 and 2500 egp/capita between 2014 and 2016 in the two MCC-communities of Beni Suef and a relative increase of 41% of the milk net income for direct beneficiaries of the DEEP project. 3. Table 5.Contribution of milk in the family net income per capitaMCC has contributed to increase the attractiveness of dairy sector in the villages. Indeed farmers invested in dairy activity (Chapter 2), milk production increased at community level. If it can't be only related to MCC, the MCC definitively contributed to this dynamic. The last year of the follow-up, the economic crises in Egypt challenged this trend. Moreover, this trend is mainly depending on the ability of the DEEP project to sustain the relationship with farmers and MCC. 4. The positive impacts on living conditions in terms of well-being (net income) and nutrition (family protein supply) are positive in 2016, i.e. 6 years after the start of the DEEP project. So improved livelihoods with dairy activities need time in link with the low milk contribution in the total family net income and the nature of investment in large ruminants (that represent a huge capital for these farm types). 5. Farmers have highlighted two positive changes in the community: (i) The development of services in the livestock sect