Intensification of inter-continental trade exchanges have favored the migration of plant pathogens over global scales on quiet short time frames. Implementation of efficient and durable strategies for management of plant bacterial diseases require to deep investigate pathways and circuits of dissemination, as well as evolutionary mechanisms involved in bacterial adaptation to a new host specie s or to a new resistant host. Whereas research has mostly focused on molecular plant-bacteria interactions, there is a huge need to fill the gap regarding bacterial ecology, pathogen evolutionary potential, and population dynamics allowing adaptation to host. To this aspect, Ralstonia soltmacearum, causing bacterial wilts on a huge range of species (more than 54 botanical families) over the tropical and subtropical belt, is a fascinating model. This species complex (RSSC) is composed of four phylotypes of different geographical origins (phylotype I from Asia, phylotype II from America, phylotype III from Africa, phylotype IV from Indonesia), within which have regularly appeared emerging Iineages of virulence variants. Notably, breeding for Solanaceae resistance to R.solanacearum has been hindered for decades by the scarcity of high level resistance sources, strong genotype x environment interactions, and the huge gellomic and phenotypic plasticity of the pathogen. Recently, the R.solanacearum x Solanaceae interactions were formalized into six virulence types, named pathoprofiles. The evolutionary dynamics within the R.solanacearum species complex (RSSC) was investigated using multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) on a worldwide collection. Recombination was found ubiquitous within the RSSC, but with contrasting recombination rates and demographic histories across phylotypes. Phylotype I (and, to a lesser extent, phylotype III) is highly recombinogenic, and carries molecular signatures of a recent and rapid demograhic expansion. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest th