This chapter shows why and how researchers associate with non-researchers actors engaged in the transformation of reality in an action research in partnership (ARP) in order to build a knowledge production mechanism with them. An action research in partnership arises from a meeting between an intention to conduct research and a desire of actors for change within the framework of negotiated partnerships. It can be seen as an innovation because it involves significant changes in research mechanisms, most notably of their governance, methods and practices. The mutual learning of the actors involved in this process improves their capacities to take decisions, explore, and act together. Thus, the actors use their empowerment for the future, which is the basis of sustainable development.