Currently available Life Cycle Inventory ( LCI) pesticide emission models and Life Cycle Impact Assessment ( LCIA) human toxicity and ( eco) -toxicity characterization models were typically designed and parameterized based on temperate conditions. Taking pesticide emissions and their toxicity impacts on environment and human health into account in Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies is important in tropical regions, because large quantities of pesticides are used to increase crop yields and ensure food security. The objective of our study was to identify the characteristics that determine pesticide emissions and their impacts in tropical conditions, and to assess to what extent current LCI and LCIA models need to be adapted to better account for these conditions. We investigated existing models and conducted a systematic review of the characteristics that drive pesticide emission patterns and related toxicological impacts in the tropics. Our results indicate that high temperatures, high rainfall, soil characteristics (low organic carbon content, and often low pH) and cropping systems (e.g. mulching, application techniques) are important drivers of pesticide- related emissions in tropical conditions; and should be accounted for in existing LCI and LCIA models. However, as these processes are not as well understood as in temperate regions, and fewer measurements are available, further research is urgently required.