Geographical Indications (GIs) are indications of products whose qualities or reputation is attributable to their place of origin. Based on specific know-how and the natural elements of the environment, GIs protect the value of the products and provide benefits for value chain stakeholders (producers, processors, traders, etc.), while supporting biodiversity and traditional knowledge in the territory. GIs are of growing importance in international trade, as illustrated by the renowned nuoc mam Phu Quoc (fish sauce), Champagne, Basmati rice, Rooibos herbal tea, Kampot pepper, Parmigiano Reggiano cheese or Kobe beef. Vietnam is very active in this field, with 54 GIs registered at the National Office of Intellectual Property (NOIP) for Vietnamese products up to 2017. The first law on the appellation of origin was passed in 1995, then remodeled in 2005 as the Intellectual Property Law. However, in Vietnam, GIs are underused by value chain stakeholders, who do not understand the concept. In addition, consumers do not recognize GIs. GI protection has consequently only led to limited changes in stakeholder practices and only limited benefit. In our research, we identified their management system as a major constraint for GI use.