Climate changes will increase the probability of drought, which is likely to dramatically increase tree mortality. The capacity of trees to withdraw water in deep soil layers is an important trait likely to account for tree survival over prolonged droughts. Our study aimed to gain insight into the maximum distance from the trunk where Eucalyptus fine roots take up water and mobile nutrients in deep sandy soils during dry periods. NO3--15N was injected in the soil at the end of the rainy season in commercial Eucalyptus stands planted with the same E. urophylla¿×¿E. grandis clone. The 15N tracer was applied in the middle of the inter-row (replicated in 3 plots): at 5 depths (from 0.1 to 6¿m) at age 0.6¿year, at 4 depths (from 0.1 to 9¿m) at age 1.2¿years, at 5 depths (from 0.1 to 12¿m) at age 2.2¿years, and at 6 depths (from 0.1 to 15¿m) at age 6.4¿years. d15N was determined in leaves sampled in dominant and suppressed trees at different distances from each injection area, 4–5¿months after NO3--15N injection (after the dry season). While dominant trees took up NO3--15N down to a depth of 6¿m between 7 and 12¿months after planting, the maximum depth of NO3--15N uptake for suppressed trees was between 3 and 4.5¿m. From 1.5 to 6¿years after planting, a foliar enrichment in 15N was mainly detected when the NO3--15N tracer was injected in the upper soil layers and only for a few trees at a depth of 6¿m. Most of the uptake of 15N occurred within 2¿m of horizontal distance from the injection site, whatever tree age and tree social status. Low amounts of NO3--15N were taken up for injection sites located between 2¿m and 5¿m from the trunk, and 15N uptake was never detected at horizontal distances greater than 6¿m from the trunk. Eucalyptus fine roots can take up nitrates at depths between 6 and 8¿m the first year after planting. However, the NO3--15N tracer injected at a depth of 6¿m was only taken up by dominant trees and a 15N foliar enrichment of suppressed trees was only