The estimated camel population in the world (35 million heads) is low compared to the other domestic fann animais but represents a significant part of the domestic herbivorous biomass in arid countries. As multipurpose animal, the large camelids (dromedary and Bactrian camels) are not only used for packing, pulling or riding, but also for dairy, meat and woot production. Although their estimated milk production (2.85 million tons) and meat production (630,000 tons) worldwide is 0.35 and O. 75% of the total milk and red meat respectively consumed in the world, their contribution could reach more than 10% in Africa. Characterized by hypo-allergic properties, exceptional richness in vitarnin C and D, potential health benefit for diabetic patients and lactose-intolerants, effect against diseases affecting liver, dietetic interest (richness in iron, in long-chain fatty acids and essential amino-acids), came! milk is also contributing to the health welfare of people living in remote areas. Came! meat is appreciated for its dietetic virtues low-fat and cholesterol, high essential amino-acid index, beneficial effect on hypertension). Contrary to cow rnilk and meat produced in almost ail the ecosystems of the earth, carne! products are produced in desert areas only, from Mauritania to Mongolia, contributing to the pastoralist's diet. Even in rich Gulf countries, more than 70% of the came! milk, the 'white gold of the desert', is self-consumed by the Bedouins providing animal proteins in places where the access to other proteins is diflicult. In pastoratist households, carne\ milk can reach 70% of the dietary calories. Moreover, carnet meat is involved in a regional market with important live came! export from Sahelian countries to North-Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Thus, came\ milk and meat are contributing to the food security in many remote areas of the old-world, sometimes as exclusive source of animal proteins. In addition, the rernark.able increase ofurban demand in ca