Biodiversity conservation is today a key global concern of the international community with the last (IPBES, IPCC, FAO) global assessments in 2019. This loss of biodiversity places our agriculture and our food at risk. In Latin America, the Andean altiplano is one of the centers of origin or "hot-spot" of the world's biodiversity. For thousands of years, the populations have interacted with the agroecosystems. Quinoa crop has evolved from a complex process of biological, geographical, climatic, social and cultural interactions that have determined its current high genetic diversity. The declaration by the United Nations General Assembly as “2013, the International Year of Quinoa” aimed to draw global attention to the role of quinoa's biodiversity and nutritional value in food security and poverty eradication, in order to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) knowns as neglected and underutilized species, was considered major crop used by the Pre-Colombian cultures in Latin America for centuries. As a consequence of the invasion and the conquest by the Spanish, cultivation and consumption of this crops were suppressed and thereafter only continued on a minor or local scale. Quinoa has been grown in the Andes for over 7,000 years. After centuries of neglect, the potential of quinoa was only rediscovered during the second half of the twentieth century. Following the International Year of Quinoa (IYQ) in 2013, the case of quinoa was highlighted with the potential to rapidly change its status from a minor to a major crop in the world agriculture, on basis of the role that quinoa's biodiversity and its high nutritional value can play in providing global food security. Compared to the major cereals for agriculture and world food (Wheat, Corn, Rice), quinoa has a much higher protein content (from 14 to 19%). But above all, it presents a good balance between all the Essential Amino Acids, with contents above the FAO recommendations for each of