Adoption of cultural and mechanical measures, biological control through introduction, augmentation and conservation and use of insecticides have been the main management strategies for sugarcane pests after establishment of the commercial sugarcane plantations in Sri Lanka in the early 1960's. The most success story in biological control of sugarcane pests is the introduction of Epiricania melanoleuca (Fletcher) (Lepidoptera: Epipyropidae) from the International Institute of Biological Control, Pakistan in May 1991 for controlling the epidemics of Pyrilla perpusilla (Homoptera: Lophopidae) in commercial sugarcane plantations. The Sugarcane Research Institute, Sri Lanka has substantiated the significant role played by indigenous biological control agents during the epidemics of Sugarcane Woolly Aphid since 2006. Moth borers are being controlled naturally with the indigenous egg, larval and pupal parasitoids for long time and they remain as chronic pests causing severe and localized losses in some regions. Spider mite is becoming a major pest of sugarcane and the predatory beetle; Stethorus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) play a major role in suppressing its high populations. Two species of egg parasitoids; Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogramma sp. (Hymenoptera: Trichogramm- atidae) and one predator species; larvae of Micraspis allardi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are some potential natural enemies of Fall Army Worm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); a new pest of sugarcane in Sri Lanka since December 2018. Mass multiplication of parasitoids is one of the main requirements of the future biological control of sugarcane in Sri Lanka and strong R and D collaborations are essential to develop the facilities in the institute.