Rubber smallholders are vulnerable to socio-economic and climate change issues. Among the factors contributing to the resilience of rubber smallholders, adaptation of rubber clones and cropping systems are crucial. Agroforestry systems have the capacity to improve the productivity and ecosystem services of rubber plantations, as well as to reduce the impact of market volatility through the income diversification. However, Little is known about the response of these systems to critical environments. Conventional breeding programs are mainly devoted to monospecific plantations. The objectives of the RUBIS initiative funded by the Agropolis Foundation is to develop a participatory breeding process in lndonesia i.e., to integrate stakeholders ad°apted rubber clones and cropping systems to cater for fast-changing socio-economic and climate change.