Sudano-sahelian regions are affected by important environmental modifications induced by strong anthropic pressures and the global climate change. In this context, sustainable development strategies must consider the preservation of biodiversity and natural resources as a priority. Aiming to deepen the understanding of the relationships between environmental factors and biodiversity and to anticipate the modifications induced by environmental changes to natural resources, it is necessary to measure the respective incidence of human activities and climate change on ecosystems. In order to fit with this objective, interdisciplinary studies are performed by the ASECC project which gathers the study of insect communities and vegetal associations in relation to environmental modifications. This communication presents the models selected and the results already obtained. The Neuroptera communities are strongly structured by climatic factors. Studies carried out during seven years in Mali evidenced a tight relationship between the Neuroptera community structure and climate. Field investigation performed in Burkina Faso showed that Lepidoptera and Coleoptera species groups are drastically affected by deforestation and ecosystem fragmentation. Tsetse flies and ticks are used to characterize the impact of environmental modifications on animal health. Phytosociologic investigations permit to better understand the dynamic of the use and evolution of the landscapes. Such a holistic approach will help a global understanding of the relationships between anthropic and non anthropic environmental factors and the modifications that occur in insect communities and landscapes. Further investigations that must be undertaken to anticipate the changes induced to the biodiversity and ecosystems by the global change in Sub-Saharan Africa are also presented.