This study examines a reforestation effort in the Sahel region, particularly in Senegal, and explores the challenges of reconciling economical, social & environmental objectives within these initiatives. It highlights the importance of adopting an approach of commons to develop context-specific solutions. The study draws on a reforestation project in Senegal, employing Companion Modelling to collaborate with local communities and stakeholders diversity involved in these programs and beyond. It emphasizes the role of Pastoral Units and the need for ongoing support and community involvement and recognizing in commons managing. The findings underscore the significance of developping a shared narrative of territorial system and issues, the influence of past experiences and the better integration of projects in local governance system of natural resources uses and users for their success.