Agroecology is a farming approach which embrace a set of ecological principles, practices, and local knowledge generation to boost the resilience and adaptation of sustainable food systems. However, a transition towards agroecology food system is also not an easy task and involves the piloting of a set of very complex practices, tools, arrangements, and policies combined with behavioral changes and sustainable financing business models. This complexity and diversity of agroecology transition pathways is not easily captured using conventional productivity and sustainability indicators given that the 13 principles of agroecological transition need to be very contextualized and co-designed based on local priorities and on the agreed transition objectives across food system actors involved in this process. In the framework of the CGIAR Agroecology initiative, a consortium of research and development partners are coming together in semi-arid Tunisia to support agroecological transition in cereal-based, olive, and agroforestry systems. This initiative was setting some participatory interventions to stimulate the development and piloting of an agroecological transition pathways in these three farming systems. Once this is done, the impact assessment of the implementation of these transition pathways was then a key aspect to think about. That's also where the initiative team starts to co-develop very contextualized indicators of impact which fit to the local priorities and hotspots of biophysical and social degradation aspects. In another term, agroecology transition pathways are very contextualized at the landscape level, and thus need to also be monitored based on key contextual indicators. In our case, Northwest Tunisia, soil degradation was identified as one of the main (biophysical) threats and was thus considered as a main attribute for locally-designed indicators development. Participatory sessions were organised with few communities and other local stakeholders to c