In agroecosystems, the decomposition of crop residues is a fundamental process to ensure the turnover of nutrients and their assimilation by crops. This process is conditioned by various factors: climate, litter quality and the abundance and diversity of decomposer organisms. Agricultural practices play a major role in altering these factors. This is particularly the case for monoculture systems that are intensive in chemical inputs such as herbicides. In these cropping systems, the lack of plant cover and diversity can alter soil moisture and temperature, and suppress habitats for decomposer organisms. In addition, there would also be contamination of litter with pesticides which could make the litter toxic or less palatable to decomposer invertebrates. In this study, we tested the effect of conventional versus organic farming practices on the decomposition of banana leaves, in situ in banana plantations. We selected 6 banana plots under organic management and 6 plots under conventional management. Litter mass loss was measured by the litter bag method and the effect of soil macrofauna was estimated by using different mesh sizes: 0.1mm for decomposition due to micro-organisms and 10mm for decomposition due to micro-organisms and macrofauna. The litter bags were filled with either leaves from banana plants killed by glyphosate injection or leaves from mechanically killed banana plants. Glyphosate injection is a practice commonly used in conventional management for the destruction of banana plants in case of plot renewal. A total of 264 litterbags were deposited and distributed equally between organic and conventional management plots. The temperature and relative humidity of air, plant diversity, soil vegetation cover and the abundance and diversity of decomposer invertebrates were measured to characterize organic and conventional plots. Our results showed a significantly higher litter mass loss in the organically managed plots than in the conventionally managed one