Until recently, the health of cultivated plants has been approached through "pathogenic" approaches, focusing on chemical control methods against pests. To accelerate the agroecological transition, a paradigm shift is required with "salutogenic" approaches (Döring et al., 2012). These new approaches aim to better understand the natural mechanisms of pest regulation, in order to maintain plant health without using chemical products. Within cocoa-based agroforestry systems (AFS), there is a wide gradient of agrobiodiversity varying in terms of species diversity, planting density, and spatial distribution of plants (Vroh et al., 2019). Moreover, these AFS are managed by farmers who implement distinct farming practices based on knowledge and beliefs rooted in cultural, academic, and experiential heritage (Toffolini et al., 2016). This agrobiodiversity and agricultural management interact with the health of cocoa trees. We hypothesize that there are statistical correlations between farming practices, agrobiodiversity characteristics and cocoa tree health. To test our hypothesis, we studied 38 AFS in the Agnéby-Tiassa region of Côte d'Ivoire, selected according to gradients of agrobiodiversity and intensity of farming practices. Half of the sample was conducted in organic farming, necessary to assess the effectiveness of natural pest regulations. The other half was conducted in conventional agriculture, which is the predominant management mode for Ivorian cocoa production. To characterize the agrobiodiversity associated with cocoa trees, we conducted botanical inventories, dendrometric monitoring, and mapping. This agrobiodiversity was then studied in two components: (i) plant composition, corresponding to the abundance of each associated crop species, and (ii) structure, including the variables of height stratum, basal area (m² ha-1), species richness, planting density (plant number ha-1) and spatial distribution (aggregated, random or regular). In addition, semi-structu