North Sumatra province is relatively similar to West Kalimantan in terms of rubber agroforestry patterns compared to provinces with more focus on monoculture (Jambi, Riau, south Sumatra). Many farmers have some knowledge and know-how on mixing rubber and other plants. The questionnaire has also been modified based on our experience in Cote d'Ivoire and our knowledge of Indonesian culture (Annex 3). Participants: 24 smallholder farmers (among whom at least 3 were also extension officers), 1 extension officer (who was not farmer), and 1 support officer from PT Alam Bukit Tigapuluh (an ecosystem restoration concession in Jambi which involves rubber farming communities).