Biodiversity monitoring using machine learning and AI- based approaches is becoming increasingly popular. It allows for providing detailed information on species distribution and ecosystem health at a large scale and contributes to informed decision-making on environmental protection. Species identification based on images and sounds, in particular, is invaluable for facilitating biodiversity monitoring efforts and enabling prompt conservation actions to protect threatened and endangered species. The multiplicity of methods developed, however, makes it important to evaluate their performance on realistic datasets and using standardized evaluation protocols. The LifeCLEF lab has been setting up such evaluations since 2011, encouraging machine learning researchers to work on this topic and promoting the adoption of the technologies developed by stakeholders. The 2024 edition proposes five data-oriented challenges related to the identification and prediction of biodiversity: (i) BirdCLEF: bird call identification in soundscapes, (ii) FungiCLEF: revisiting fungi species recognition beyond 0-1 cost, (iii) GeoLifeCLEF: remote sensing based prediction of species, (iv) PlantCLEF: Multi-species identification in vegetation plot images, and (v) SnakeCLEF: revisiting snake species identification in medically important scenarios. This paper overviews the motivation, methodology, and main outcomes of those five challenges.