Building accurate knowledge of the identity, the geographic distribution and the evolution of species is essential for the sustainable development of humanity, as well as for biodiversity conservation. How- ever, species identification and inventory is a difficult and costly task, requiring large-scale automated approaches. The LifeCLEF lab has been promoting and evaluating advances in this domain since 2011 through the organization of multi-year challenges. The 2024 edition presented in this article proposes five data-driven challenges as a continuation of this effort: (i) BirdCLEF: bird species recognition in audio soundscapes, (ii)FungiCLEF: fungi recognition beyond 0-1 cost, (iii) GeoLifeCLEF: remote sensing based prediction of species, (iv) PlantCLEF: Multi-species identification in vegetation plot images, and (v) SnakeCLEF: snake recognition in medically important scenarios.