Knowledge co-creation (KCC) is imperative for agroecological development, yet the extent to which agroecological KCC pro- cesses balance scientific rigor, local relevance, and legitimacy, and the extent to which they connect to transformative agroe- cological farming remains poorly understood. Therefore, we systematically reviewed 58 peer-reviewed empirical studies that involved agroecological KCC. While we did not find a connection between the perceived credibility, salience, and legitimacy of the co-created knowledge and impacts on agroe- cological farming, we did find that KCC processes had mostly incremental, rather than transformative, impacts. We conclude that an increased focus on agroecological principles, going beyond agroecological practices, is needed.