Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are a serious threat to vegetable production. A survey was conducted from April to December 2023 across 49 villages/towns in Benin for a comprehensive understanding of their diversity and spatial distribution. Twenty PPN genera were morphologically identified, with African eggplant and pepper fields exhibiting the highest nematode diversity (16 genera). Genus richness, Shannon-Wiener, and evenness indexes were significantly influenced by ecological regions. The Niger valley was the most diverse ecological region with 15 PPN genera. Meloidogyne was the most prevalent. The highest Meloidogyne densities were recorded from pepper fields, with 2,151 nematodes per g root in the Oueme valley and 691 nematodes per 100 cm³ soil in the Niger valley. Significant associations were observed between nematode genera, vegetable crops, and ecological regions. This study highlights the relationship between PPN diversity, vegetable crops, and ecological regions and provides valuable insights for developing effective PPN management strategies.