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Breeding methodology to select oil palm planting material partially resistant to Ganoderma boninense

Turnbull N., De Franqueville H., Breton F., Jeyen S., Syahputra I., Cochard B., Durand-Gasselin T.. 2014. In : Proceedings International Oil Palm Conference IOPC - 2014. Green Palm Oil for Food Security and Reneweble Energy. Bali : IOPRI, 17 p.. International Oil Palm Conference (IOPC 2014). 5, 2014-06-17/2014-06-19, Bali (Indonésie).

Many oil palm plantations experience considerable losses due to basal stem rot disease, caused by Ganoderma boninense, a telluric fungus which provokes lethal damages to the crop. Cultural practices, agronomic and phytosanitary management can reduce the impact of the disease but it should come along with the use of planting materials which are resistant, even partially, to G. boninense. Total resistance of plants to such fungus has not yet been reported, but many examples of partial resistances have been observed including for oil palm. Inoculation of oil palm seedling in nursery or pre-nursery is generally possible using Ganoderma colonized rubber wood blocks as inoculums source. A methodology has been developed to systematically screen oil palm planting material for its resistance to G. boninense in pre-nursery. This methodology, which is highly reproducible and consistent, allows breeders to develop as a routine a relatively high-throughput phenotyping. More than 5 000 cross have been evaluated to date. Our research group has first confirmed the absence of interaction between G. boninense isolates and tested oil palm progenies. The prevailing of additive variance has also been highlighted. From this founding it has been decided to standardize the methodology by using testers. Since a long time, pure Deli material is well known for its relatively high susceptibility to basal stem rot disease therefore emphasis was given to test Deli origins. Sixteen of them were evaluated for their resistance, this represent 115 Deli progenies and 1847 crosses tested. At the same time, existing breeding fields such as seed garden, parental garden and progeny tests, were thoroughly observed. Four Deli origins which show partial resistance both in these fields and in early screening test were selected. Advantage was taken of wide within origin variability to select the best SIB crosses amongst them. Twelve B group origins (pisifera) mainly from la Mé and Yangambi origins were also e

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