Conducted as part of the MFL (CGAIR) project, this study aims to assess agricultural practices that contribute to irrigation water savings in the municipalities of Ndiob and Niakhar. The analysis reveals that, in these areas, market gardening is heavily dependent on groundwater resources. The study thus identifies a duality in irrigation systems and agricultural practices. On the one hand, some producers use intensive systems, often resulting in enormous water losses. On the other hand, some adopt water-saving irrigation systems and practices, through localized irrigation such as drip irrigation, zaï and mulching. These allow for the rational use of irrigation water, while improving agricultural yields. However, the dissemination and adoption of these best practices are generally hampered by a set of structural constraints such as economic barriers (cost of equipment, precarious incomes), lack of technical training and information, and unfavorable climatic conditions, which paradoxically encourage the overexploitation of water resources. As a result, the emergence of modern systems such as sprinklers, drip irrigation, and rotary sprinklers faces the same constraints. In this context, there is a clear need for a water transition based on socio-technical support, local capacity building, and support for innovation. However, these initiatives will need to be adapted to the local realities of market gardening in Ndiob and Niakhar. In addition, water pricing could be considered as a means of ensuring shared and sustainable management of water resources. A territorial approach in the form of a water use plan opens up interesting prospects.