Agroecology refers to forms of agriculture that produce ecologically by relying on the systemic properties of an agroecosystem. Cultivated plants have been historically managed and domesticated within biodiverse systems composed of plants, animals and other living beings. Agroecosystems thus include cultivated plants, associated uncultivated organisms and the interactions among them, as well as their interactions with people and the environment. These interactions can be understood from an ecological perspective, which helps identify and study relations of mutualism, facilitation, competition, predation and symbiosis, among others. Coffee is a widely cultivated crop and is usually cultivated in regions of high biological and cultural diversity. Although in Brazil there is talk of an agroecological social movement, this movement has no clear boundaries and unites a diverse range of actors and institutions that collaborate to promote an alternative agricultural model.