Human-induced climate change increases the incidence of infectious and vector-borne diseases by altering ecosystems and expanding pathogen transmission. It also worsens food security and nutrition through impacts on agriculture, while extreme weather and human activities raise risks of respiratory and waterborne diseases. Vulnerable populations suffer most from these health and environmental disruptions. The IPCC recommends a holistic "One Health" approach to address interconnected impacts on human, animal, and environmental health. This chapter explores these links and advocates sustainable agricultural methods that protect health and the environment.