Growing food demand and competing land and water uses exert intense pressure on agricultural systems, which are further stressed by climate change. Water availability is declining and unevenly affected, with surface waters impacted faster than groundwater, creating local adaptation challenges. Agriculture competes with other sectors like energy and drinking water during shortages, especially in dry seasons. Adaptation strategies must be locally tailored, combining efficient water use, new resources, and flexible management. This chapter highlights various technical and governance-based solutions, including participatory approaches to improve coordination.