Results obtained from several field experiments carried out on sugar estates on Réunion Island have provided valuable information on the ecology of the pyralid moth Chilo sacchariphagus and have elucidated the main factors regulating populations. These results indicate that predation, varietal resistance and biological control are important factors to consider when using integrated pest control. The value of these factors, whose use involves some changes in cultural practices, is discussed within the wider context of the environment and farm economics.