France has long recognized the strategic importance of the Mediterranean region, particularly concerning critical issues such as water resources, sustainable agriculture, and food systems. The intricate interdependencies among water, energy, food security, and the environment—collectively known as the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus—are central to France's research and innovation strategy in the Mediterranean. This comprehensive approach is designed to address the region's unique challenges through prioritized themes, collaborative partnerships, robust research infrastructures, and a steadfast commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (France Diplomatie, 20221; ANCT, 20242).